Certainly, you will find plenty of adherents to crude "Marxism" who will go with this but really this is an oversimplification of what Marx wrote to the point of being false (Marx wasn't an economic determinist). On the economic level, people are compelled to act in certain ways in order to survive and maintain their position (in capitalism workers have to sell their labour-power, capitalists have to invest and reinvest their capital), but this doesn't mean on the political level that all workers automatically turn into socialists or all capitalists are free-marketeers.
Ah, I wasn't trying to be crude, more just the inevitable result of trying to make relatively concise posts without too many caveats. Like, idk what the best way of phrasing it is, but we can agree that class interests do exist and are important, right? Also, when talking about politicians I suppose the political/economic distinction you make there collapses a bit, because the ways they have to act in order to survive and maintain their position are immediately political ones.
But do "political representatives" really form an independent economic class in capitalism? Does a hairdresser turned politician face the same relation to capital as a billionaire property developer president?
Well, how you answer that first question will depend on what model you use for understanding class society, I guess I tend toward a "layered/strata" model, where we can talk about them more as one particular social layer. But I would understand that layer as being a part of the ruling class rather than the working one.
Second question: I suppose it's worth acknowledging that "politicians" is quite a broad term, and a hairdresser-turned-local-councillor is in quite a different position to a hairdresser-turned president. But then "bosses" is quite a broad term too, you can say that that barber who kicked off with Brighton SolFed might not have exactly the same relationship to capital as a billionaire property developer, but that doesn't mean that we scrap the concept of bosses, I don't think. Even if they're not in exactly the same position, I still think that the hairdresser-turned-president, or I would say even the hairdresser-turned-local-councillor, would then have important things in common with the billionaire-developer-president that they would not have in common with the hairdresser-who's-still-a-hairdresser.
Actually he did. Scroll down to the end where he criticises Bakunin for:
"... the harping of Liebknecht's Volksstaat, which is nonsense, counter to the Communist Manifesto etc. ..."
He made a similar criticism of the German Social Democrats for declaring in the programme they adopted at a congress in Gotha in 1875 that " the German workers' party strives by all legal means for the free state—and—socialist society". Marx devoted a whole section of his famous Critique of the Gotha Programme to criticising the absurdity of the idea of a "free State" (see section IV).